What is the ruling concerning the vows I made after puberty during times of sadness and fear, the number of days of which I do not recall, and what should I do regarding the vow to not listen to music, and is expiation obligatory upon me for not adhering to it?

If you made a vow as an act of drawing closer to Allah, then fulfilling it is obligatory. However, if the vow was made to compel yourself to do or refrain from something, you have the choice between fulfilling it or offering an expiation for a broken oath (kaffarat yamin). Vows made by a responsible, sane, adult individual are binding and obligatory, and a state of sadness does not affect them.

You must strive to determine the number of days you vowed to fast. If you are unable to ascertain the exact number, then fast what you are certain you vowed, and for what you are in doubt, the principle is that you are absolved.

Listening to music is forbidden, and you must avoid it. What will help you in this is to be mindful of Allah's constant watch, to engage with the Quran and remembrance (dhikr), to associate with good people, and to supplicate. If you break your vow not to listen to music, you are obligated to fulfill what you vowed, whether it be fasting, or offering an expiation for a broken oath.