Is working as a lawyer in an insurance company—not in marketing, but rather in following up on cases filed by or against the company—halal or haram, given that there is currently no other source of income?

It is not permissible to litigate in cases related to commercial insurance, as it is forbidden and considered cooperation in sin and aggression. As for cooperative insurance, it is permissible to litigate in it, unless a person is compelled to do so, such that he finds nothing to meet his basic needs and those he supports. In such a case, he may continue in this work until he finds another job. However, necessity must be estimated in proportion to its need, so it is not permissible to benefit from the income except to the extent that دفع necessity, and any excess should be spent on the welfare of Muslims.