Is earning a livelihood considered unlawful if a woman's work is predominantly with men, and it is stipulated that she not wear the jilbab and abaya, knowing that she currently wears skirts and dresses or long blouses, and must she leave it as soon as possible? What are the conditions for a woman's work, and what is the reason for the prohibition if the work is unlawful? Is there any evidence from the Book or the Sunnah regarding the work of the Prophet's wives?
It is permissible for a woman to engage in a lawful occupation from which she earns a living. If this necessitates her leaving her home, she must adhere to the Sharia-compliant guidelines. However, if she works from home, it is more protective for her, just as the Mother of Believers Zaynab (may Allah be pleased with her) used to do. The issue is not the woman's work itself, but rather the Sharia-compliant guidelines surrounding it, especially if she leaves her home for work.
Important guidelines: 1. Hijab: A woman must observe the Sharia-compliant hijab when seen by non-mahram men. This includes fulfilling the mentioned conditions. What the questioner mentioned about her clothes (skirts and dresses or long blouses) and the condition of generally not wearing a jilbab or abaya often does not meet these conditions. 2. Mixing with men: The principle regarding mixing is prohibition and restriction because it is a means to corruption. Therefore, a woman's work in the mixed environments prevalent today is not without issue, and it is not permissible except out of extreme necessity, while adhering to the Sharia-compliant guidelines in her going out and her interaction with men.
Finally, the ruling on a woman's work, in terms of permissibility or prohibition, is not necessarily linked to the ruling on the money earned from it. If the work is permissible, the money is permissible. However, if she falls short in observing the Sharia-compliant guidelines (such as ostentatious display of beauty or disgraceful mixing), she incurs sin for that, even if the money is halal.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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