Is it permissible to accept a replacement car from the comprehensive compulsory car insurance for cars sold in installments, knowing that there is no Takaful insurance, and that Sheikh Wahbah Al-Zuhayli permitted third-party insurance and considered it a tax?

Commercial insurance of all types - with the exception of cooperative insurance - is a prohibited form of maysir (gambling/speculation), because the definition of maysir applies to it: "Any contract where the contracting party is either a gainer or a loser." Insurance is a transaction that a person enters into to either gain or lose, hence it is prohibited gambling.

It is not permissible to engage in it by choice. However, if a Muslim is compelled to engage in insurance, it is permissible for them due to coercion. In this case, they are not allowed to take from the insurance company more than what they paid. Anything exceeding that is impermissible to take, because the contract is void, and it is not permissible to unlawfully consume people's wealth.