What is the fitna of prosperity (Fitnat al-Sarra'), what are its examples, and how can one endure it with patience?

Allah tests His servants with ease and hardship. The believer gives thanks in times of ease and is patient in times of hardship, relying on the Prophet’s (peace be upon him) saying: “Wondrous is the affair of the believer, for there is good in every affair of his.” This is also Allah’s way with His creation, as He tests nations with adversity and hardship so that they may humble themselves. Then He replaces the bad with the good, and people forgive and forget the tribulation, so Allah seizes them suddenly. Patience in the trial of ease is achieved by thanking Allah, not using His blessings for disobedience, and not being captivated by or competing for the worldly life, as this leads to the ruin of religion. As the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: “It is not poverty I fear for you, but I fear that the world will be spread open for you as it was spread open for those before you, and you will compete for it as they competed for it, and it will destroy you as it destroyed them.”