How can Goldschier's claim that a continuous (mutawatir) hadith cannot be authenticated or verified be refuted?
The Muslim should not allow their heart to be disturbed by the orientalists' fallacies, especially those of Goldziher, who was Jewish and worked in orientalist centers. His writings were full of delusions and doubts that went against a fair scientific methodology. A number of impartial scholars and orientalists, such as Fuat Sezgin and Mustafa al-Siba'i, have shown that Goldziher's research is unscientific and worthless, especially after the widespread printing of authentic Islamic books.
Goldziher's doubts concerning the Sunnah generally focus on two main issues: 1. Delayed Compilation of the Sunnah: He claimed that the compilation of the Sunnah was delayed for many decades, and that reliance was placed on memory, which is susceptible to forgetfulness and falsehood. 2. Impact of Political Conflicts: He hypothesized that the compilation process was preceded and accompanied by political conflicts that affected the recording of the Sunnah, claiming that narrators intentionally lied to support their doctrines.
The response to these fallacies is as follows: 1. Early Commencement of Sunnah Compilation: The recording of the Sunnah in writing began during the era of the Prophet, peace be upon him, and continued during the time of the Companions and the Successors. Only the compilation of comprehensive books of Sunnah was delayed. The hesitation of some Companions regarding writing was either to preserve the Qur'an from confusion, or to protect the Sunnah from being mixed with the opinions of narrators, or to elevate the importance of memorization. 2. Scrutiny of Narrators and their Narrations: Islamic scholars began, from the era of the Companions, to scrutinize narrators and their narrations, especially after the fitna (strife), to distinguish the people of Sunnah from the people of innovation. The process involved criticism of both the isnad (chain of narration) and the matn (text), and they stipulated that for a hadith to be sound, it must be free from shudhudh (oddness) and 'illah (hidden defect). 3. Goldziher's Distortion of Facts: It has been proven that Goldziher deliberately distorted some texts and rejected what did not suit his inclinations. An example of this is his distortion of Al-Zuhri's statement about writing hadith, and his rejection of the account of Omar ibn Abd al-Aziz in Imam Malik's Muwatta. He also relied on recreational rather than scientific books in his research.
In conclusion, the doubts raised by Goldziher about the Sunnah are nothing but fantasies and distortions. The truth is that the Sunnah received immense care in its preservation and compilation. It is recommended to refer to books such as: "Studies in Early Hadith Literature: The Authenticity of Hadith" by Muhammad Mustafa Al-A'zami, "Defense of the Sunnah and a Refutation of the Orientalists' and Contemporary Writers' Fallacies" by Muhammad Muhammad Abu Shahbah, and "The Sunnah and its Place in Islamic Legislation" by Mustafa al-Siba'i.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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