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The question

Did the Prophet (peace be upon him) combine two prayers due to strong winds or dust?

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Source: FtawySummarized from the full answer at Ftawy · imported Sep 2, 20261 min readAlso available in العربية
The answer

It has not been established that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, combined two prayers due to strong wind or dust. It is established that he combined prayers while resident in Medina, and it was said that this was due to rain. It was also said that it was a 'nominal' combination, which means performing the first prayer at the end of its time and accelerating the second prayer at the beginning of its time. This is based on what Ibn Abbas narrated, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prayed Dhuhr and Asr, and Maghrib and Isha all together in Medina, not out of fear or travel, and he said: "He wanted not to cause hardship to his Ummah." A group of imams has adopted the permissibility of combining prayers while resident when there is a need, for someone who does not make it a habit. Some scholars have gone further to permit combining prayers due to strong wind on a dark, cold night. This is the opinion of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, by analogy with rain.

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Original fatwa ID
64183
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