Will a son who disobeys his parents be punished as a penalty for their own disobedience to their parents, or is that considered a divine punishment in which the son has no hand? And is everyone who angers his parents necessarily doing so because of their parents' disobedience to their own parents, or does it fall under the category of tribulation?

It is not necessary that the cause of children's disobedience to their parents is the parents' disobedience to their own parents. A father might be dutiful to his parents, yet his children may be disobedient to him. The cause of disobedience might be poor upbringing, or other sins committed by the father for which Allah has punished him, or it might be a trial from Allah. It is forbidden for a child to disobey his parents, even if they were disobedient themselves. A Muslim must obey his parents and treat them well unless they command a sin. How much greater is their right, then, if they are Muslim sinners?