Does a prayer of thanksgiving exist in Islamic Sharia, what is its modality, is it performed in congregation, how many rak'ahs does it have, what is its rooting in the Qur'an, Sunnah, and narrations, and what is the difference between it and the prostration of thanksgiving, the supplication of thanksgiving, and the supplication of need?

The prostration of thankfulness (sujud al-shukr) is recommended by the majority of scholars upon the occurrence of a blessing or the warding off of a calamity. They based their view on prophetic hadiths and actions of the Companions.

The Malikis, in their well-known position, held it to be disliked (makruh), but some of them affirmed its permissibility.

The rulings for the prostration of thankfulness are similar to those for the prostration of recitation (sujud al-tilawah), requiring purity (tahara), facing the Qibla, and covering the 'awrah, in contrast to Ibn Taymiyyah, who did not stipulate these conditions because he considered it a prostration and not a prayer.

As for the prayer of thankfulness (salat al-shukr), nothing has been authentically reported concerning it; what is established is the prostration of thankfulness.

Regarding the "supplication of need" (du'a al-hajah), it is not known by this name. However, there are hadiths reported concerning the "prayer of need" (salat al-hajah), but they are weak. Some scholars considered it an innovation, while others affirmed its permissibility, which is the more correct view.

No supplication is known by the name "supplication of thankfulness" (du'a al-shukr).