What is the ruling on one who had intercourse with his wife during the daytime in Ramadan, and years have passed, and he has not observed the expiation due to work circumstances? And is it permissible to give charity instead of fasting? And does the wife have to fast?

Expiation is incumbent upon the husband alone, even if the wife is willing and consenting. The order of expiation is: freeing a slave, and if one cannot find one, then fasting for two consecutive months, and if one is unable to do so, then feeding sixty poor persons. Work circumstances and being busy with it are not a valid excuse to move from fasting to something else.