Is a Muslim sinful for sending his brother to study abroad if those countries are described as lands of tribulation (fitan), knowing that his specialization is not available locally or is very costly?

Studying in countries where temptations (fitan) are abundant is a risk to one's religion, especially if they are non-Muslim countries. It is not permissible to study in non-Muslim countries except out of necessity, such as when a specialization is not available in Muslim countries, provided that the student possesses the knowledge to repel doubts and the steadfastness to repel desires. If it is a Muslim country where temptations are prevalent, it is not permissible to travel there for study if it is possible to study in one's own country and the costs are affordable. Safety in religion takes precedence over saving money. If the costs in one's country are unaffordable or the specialization is unavailable, then there is no harm, provided the aforementioned conditions are met. Studying in a Muslim country is preferable because its temptations are generally less severe than those in non-Muslim countries.