Is it permissible to wipe over a cap or a kufi with water for ablution?

Wiping over the turban during ablution (wudu) is permissible, and authentic prophetic traditions (hadiths) have been narrated concerning this in two ways: wiping over the forelock and the turban together, or exclusively wiping over the turban alone. Imam Ahmad acted upon these hadiths.

As for the views of the imams' schools of thought regarding wiping over the turban and what is similar to it: - The Shafi'is: They permit wiping over the turban or the skullcap (taqiyah) provided that a part of the head is wiped first. - The Malikis: They do not permit wiping over the turban except out of necessity, and if it is possible to wipe over a part of the head, then it is obligatory to complete the wiping over the turban. - The Hanafis: They prohibited wiping over the turban. - The Hanbalis: They permitted wiping over the turban due to the difficulty of removing it, and for this reason, they do not permit wiping over the skullcap or cap due to the ease of removing them.

Based on this, it is not permissible to wipe over a skullcap, cap, shemagh, and the like, except according to the Shafi'is, on condition of wiping over a part of the head. Contemporary scholars have issued fatwas against the permissibility of wiping over these head coverings.