Is it permissible for a woman to seek divorce from her husband who does not pray, treats her badly, insults her, does not provide for her, does not care for her, constantly threatens her with divorce, and does not fear for her?

You did not make a good choice in a husband who does not pray, due to his bad character and his disregard for the rights of others. Your patience with his abuse and your not neglecting his rights is a good thing, and your request for a divorce from him is permissible due to his injustice and wickedness. Your husband can reconcile with you if he wishes before the expiration of the 'iddah (waiting period), but after its expiration, a new contract is required. However, it is not advisable to return to him if he does not mend his ways or persists in abandoning prayer. Divorce may be a mercy from Allah, and Allah will compensate you with someone better than him. Allah the Almighty said: "But if they separate [by divorce], Allah will enrich each of them from His abundance." We advise you to supplicate, rely on Allah, and be patient. Allah the Almighty said: "Indeed, he who fears Allah and is patient, then indeed, Allah does not allow to be lost the reward of those who do good."