What is the ruling on a visa (تأشيرة) in Islam, what is its definition, and is it considered a contract and a covenant?

The visa or entry permit granted by states is considered a contract between them and the recipient. Therefore, the recipient must abide by the requirements of this contract and observe the regulations of the state that granted the visa. Whoever enters a state with the permission of its ruler is considered a covenanter, bound by its systems, and assured of the safety of their property, self, and honor. If a non-Muslim enters Muslim lands with an entry visa, they are considered to be under protection (musta'man), and the Islamic state must protect them, and it is forbidden to aggress against them. Similarly, the foreigner must adhere to the state's regulations and not engage in any act that violates the laws. The protection (aman) must be withdrawn if it results in harm to the state, and treachery against one under protection is not permissible.