Is it permissible to perform Qunūt in the Fajr prayer, and should Qunūt be performed in all prayers during calamities, such as the Asr prayer?

The Maliki and Shafi'i schools of thought hold the permissibility of reciting qunut in Fajr prayer. They cite numerous proofs, which Imam al-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) mentioned, stating: "Our madhhab is that it is mustahabb (recommended) to recite qunut in it, whether a calamity has befallen or not. This was the view of most of the Salaf (pious predecessors) and those who came after them, or many of them. Among those who held this view were Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, Ali, Ibn Abbas, and al-Bara' ibn Azib (may Allah be pleased with them). Al-Bayhaqi narrated this with sound chains of transmission. And among the Tabi'in (generation after the Companions) and those who came after them, many held this view. It is also the madhhab of Ibn Abi Layla, Hasan ibn Salih, Malik, and Dawud."

In contrast, Abdullah ibn Mas'ud and his companions, Abu Hanifa and his companions, Sufyan al-Thawri, and Ahmad said: "There is no qunut in the Fajr prayer."

The Imam and the individual praying alone recite qunut aloud in silent prayers like Asr, just as they recite it aloud in the Fajr prayer.