What is the ruling on a man who experiences frequent urethral discharge (madhy), how does he purify himself from it, what are its causes, and does he perform a different ablution for it than the ablution for prayer, or is one ablution sufficient for both prayer and purification from madhy?

The excessive discharge of pre-seminal fluid (madhy) from a man is not volitional, and there is no blame on him for it. Madhy is ritually impure (najis) by scholarly consensus, and whatever it touches must be washed. However, if it is excessive and washing the garment becomes difficult, it suffices to sprinkle it with water. Its cause is the arousal of lust, and washing the male organ is obligatory because of it. It is among the nullifiers of ablution (wudu'), and whoever's ablution is nullified by madhy, their ablution is invalidated like any other nullifier.