What is the ruling regarding the prayers that the questioner missed after her fetus miscarried at two months of age, given her ignorance that the bleeding is not considered postpartum bleeding (nifas)? And must she make up these prayers, and how is the make-up performed?

The blood resulting from a miscarriage is not considered postpartum bleeding (nifas) unless it shows signs of human creation. The minimum period for these signs to appear is eighty days from the beginning of the pregnancy.

If signs of creation do not appear, the blood is considered irregular bleeding (istihadha), and the woman must pray and fast. She must also make up the prayers she missed during that period, unless it coincided with her menstrual cycle, in which case it is considered menstrual blood (hayd).

However, if the blood coincides with the days of menstruation, she is not required to make up the prayers missed during those days.

Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah held the view that making up prayers is not obligatory if the omission was due to ignorance.