What are the proofs that it is permissible for a menstruating woman and a person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) to enter the mosque?

The scholars differed on the issue of a person in a state of major ritual impurity (junub) and a menstruating woman staying in the mosque, holding several views:

1. Permissibility of staying absolutely: They based this on the principle of permissibility, the stay of the People of the Suffa in the mosque, the hadith "A Muslim does not become impure," and the stay of a polytheist in the mosque. 2. Permissibility of passing through without staying: This is the view of the majority of scholars, including the Shafi'is and a view among the Hanbalis. They cited the verse: "nor one in a state of ritual impurity, except when passing through, until you have bathed" (An-Nisa: 43), and the hadith "Indeed, I do not permit the mosque for a menstruating woman or one in a state of major ritual impurity." 3. Impermissibility of passing through except out of necessity: This is a view among the Hanbalis, and it is permissible with ablution. 4. Impermissibility of passing through except in case of dire necessity: This is the view of Abu Hanifa.

The most preponderant view: It is impermissible for a person in a state of major ritual impurity and a menstruating woman to stay in the mosque, but it is permissible for them to pass through if there is no fear of the menstruating woman contaminating the mosque. This is supported by the fact that a menstruating woman is akin to a person in a state of major ritual impurity, and by the Prophet's (peace be upon him) command to Aisha to hand him something from the mosque while she was menstruating.