Are the punishments for apostasy and stoning (rajm) part of authentic Islam, and what are the proofs for them, especially given the existence of Quranic verses and historical events that may suggest otherwise? And how can the punishment of stoning be applied to slave women according to the noble verse?

The ruling on killing an apostate and stoning the married fornicator is established by the Quran, Sunnah, and the consensus of scholars. However, it is only to be carried out by the ruler (ولي الأمر) after giving the apostate a chance to repent. The evidence for this includes the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying: "The blood of a Muslim man is not lawful except in one of three cases: a married person who commits unlawful sexual intercourse, a life for a life, and one who abandons his religion and separates from the community." This is further supported by his stoning of Ma'iz and Al-Ghamidiya. The aforementioned verses do not contradict these rulings, and a sound hadith must be acted upon, whether it pertains to creed or a legal حكم.