What are the names of the scholars, their evidence, and the details of their opinion that exempting the beard does not require it to reach a fist-length, but rather a density that covers the jawline, and is a person with a short beard (1-2 mm) considered to be fulfilling the prophetic command to exempt the beard based on this opinion?

The prohibition of shaving the beard is the view of the majority of scholars; some even narrated a consensus on it. It has been reported from Ibn Umar, Ali bin Abi Talib, and Abu Hurairah that they trimmed what exceeded a handful.

Many scholars are of the opinion that it is permissible to trim what exceeds a handful of the beard.

Some scholars have gone as far as permitting trimming the beard even if it is less than a handful.

The texts of the Sunnah have indicated the command to let the beard grow, to make it full, and to leave it long. Some scholars interpreted this as leaving it in its natural state without alteration.

Scholars differed on trimming it: some disliked trimming it absolutely, some permitted it for what exceeded a handful, and some permitted trimming it without specific limitation.

Some scholars view shaving, trimming, or shaping the beard as disliked, and consider it good to take from its length and width if it becomes very large.

Some scholars interpreted 'allowing to grow' as not taking most or all of the beard.