Was the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) transported from one time to another, and is that considered a major miracle?

The Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, was transported by night from the Sacred Mosque to Al-Aqsa Mosque, then he ascended from there to the heavens above, and returned to lead the prophets in prayer in Jerusalem before returning to Mecca.

The assertion that the Isra' did not occur, or that Al-Aqsa Mosque did not exist at that time, is a clear error that contradicts the Quran and the perpetually transmitted hadiths. Al-Aqsa was indeed existent and built since ancient times, and Solomon, peace be upon him, renovated its construction. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, described Al-Aqsa Mosque to the Quraysh when they disbelieved him, and Allah revealed Jerusalem to him so that he could inform them about it.

As for "time travel," it is not meant in the literal sense of returning to the past, but rather it refers to traversing vast distances in a short time due to a divine miracle, especially the ascension to the heavens with their gates that do not open except by permission.

Belief in this means believing that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, ascended from Jerusalem, passing through heaven after heaven, and Gabriel sought permission for him at each heaven, and he was welcomed by the prophets he met in each heaven. This matter is perpetually transmitted in the authentic hadiths that describe the details of the Isra' and Mi'raj journey and what transpired therein, including the imposition of the five daily prayers.