What is the ruling on prayer and ritual bathing (ghusl) in the following cases: 1. With a small trace of adhesive residue on the buttocks, and is it obligatory to remove it even if it causes embarrassment? 2. With deep-seated dirt in the navel that cannot be removed, and are previous prayers accepted after repentance? 3. And what is required of one who intentionally abandoned prayer for years and then repented?

Any adhesive residue remaining on the body must be removed so that water can reach all parts of the body. If its removal is difficult, it is obligatory to wipe over it with water during major ritual purification (ghusl).

As for navel dirt, whatever originates from outside the body must be removed. However, solidified sweat and similar substances are not considered barriers; it is sufficient to allow water to reach them.

Some scholars have made concessions regarding minor, commonly known barriers that are difficult to guard against.

Regarding making up prayers performed with adhesive or dirt due to ignorance, what is attributed to Ibn Taymiyyah concerning the non-necessity of making them up is correct, but the more cautious approach is to follow the majority opinion.

As for prayers intentionally missed, the disagreement regarding the obligation of making them up is well-known. The more cautious approach and that which absolves one's responsibility is to follow the majority opinion concerning their make-up.