Must a woman make up the prayers she missed during menstruation or postpartum bleeding, and what are these prayers?

What has been mentioned by the scholars aligns with the view of the majority of scholars, and it is the most cautious and preferred to act upon. There are two issues:

1. If a woman menstruates after the prayer time has begun: Scholars differed on whether she is obliged to make up the prayer (qada'). Al-Shafi'i and Ahmad obliged her, while Malik, Abu Hanifa, and Ibn Taymiyyah did not consider making up the prayer obligatory, as there was no negligence on her part. The view that making up the prayer is not obligatory is strong in its evidence, but the view that it is obligatory is more cautious.

2. If a woman becomes pure (from menstruation) during the time of the second prayer of the two prayers that can be combined: According to the majority, she must pray both prayers together, and this is the most preponderant view, supported by the fatwas of the Companions like Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf and Ibn Abbas, who said: "If she becomes pure before the appearance of Fajr, she prays Maghrib and Isha. And if she becomes pure before sunset, she prays Dhuhr and Asr." This is because the time of the second prayer is considered the time for the first prayer in cases of excuse.