Is the archery mentioned in the hadiths restricted to bows only, or does it include modern weapons like rifles? And does learning archery in the present day fall under the scope of these hadiths?

The meaning of archery in the hadiths is shooting with a bow and arrows, and several hadiths have urged it, stating that strength is archery, and that abandoning it after learning it may be considered disobedience.

Shooting with modern weapons such as rifles and contemporary machinery is included in the merit and encouragement of learning archery. Everything that aids in fighting and terrifying enemies, such as modern weapons like cannons, machine guns, warplanes, and tanks, falls within the meaning of the strength that Allah commanded to prepare. And that which is necessary to fulfill an obligation is itself obligatory.