Is Zakat due on agricultural land purchased with the intention of selling it when its price rises, and which was cultivated for three years due to the unavailability of a buyer?

Scholars differed on the issue of zakat on land cultivated for commercial purposes:

First opinion: Both commercial zakat on the land and the zakat on the produce (one-quarter of one-tenth of the total value) are obligatory. This opinion is preferred by the Hanbalis. Second opinion: The land is appraised, and commercial zakat is paid on it, while one-tenth or half of one-tenth zakat is paid on the produce. This opinion is more cautious and more beneficial for the poor.

Ibn Qudamah argued that commercial zakat alone becomes obligatory if its nisab (minimum threshold) is more beneficial for the poor, and that zakat of one-tenth may be obligatory on crops or fruits in addition to the zakat on the land or palm trees.

However, Sheikh Al-Qaradawi favored prioritizing one of the two zakats over the other (i.e., paying only one zakat), leaving the choice of which zakat to pay to the muzakki (the one paying zakat) or the ruler.