What is the ruling on Muslims working in Chinese government administrations and Muslim students enrolling in Chinese universities, given the prohibition of religious rituals such as prayer, fasting, and Hajj? Is it permissible to leave these jobs and studies if they are considered an aid to disbelief? What is the legitimate Islamic solution to this dilemma?

One who is unable to practice the rituals of his religion in his country is obligated to emigrate if he is able; otherwise, he should practice what he can. As for one who is able to practice them in lands of disbelief, emigration is not obligatory for him and may even be disliked, especially if he possesses firm knowledge and strong faith, for the purpose of inviting others to Allah, provided that he and his family are safe from temptation.

Scholars differed on whether a land of Islam transforms into a land of disbelief. The Shafi'is hold that it does not become a land of disbelief, while the majority view that it does become a land of disbelief when the rulings of disbelief become manifest therein.

Some Hanbalis appended the land of rebels and the land of innovation to the land of war regarding the obligation to emigrate from them. The Malikis believe that emigration from lands of prohibition and falsehood remains an obligation until the Day of Judgment.

In summary: The ruling of emigration applies to anyone who is unable to practice the rituals of his religion.

Working in secular courts in communist countries is forbidden, and the earnings derived therefrom are unlawful. It is not permissible to work in a position that prevents a Muslim from fulfilling his religious duties, except in cases of genuine necessity. If abandoning a job or studies leads to death or imprisonment, it is permissible to remain in them to the extent necessary to avert the hardship.