What is the precise time for the expiry of the obligatory and supererogatory prayers, especially the Duha prayer, in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, during summer and winter, and is it necessary to specify the intention (performance or making up) before the prayer?

Regarding prayer times, it is advisable to refer to the calendars issued by the state, while emphasizing that the primary basis for determining prayer times is the Shar'i (Islamic legal) signs, and astronomical calendars are only for approximate benefit. Prayer times cannot be determined by hours due to their variation between countries and seasons.

As for the intention (niyyah), the worshiper must intend the specific prayer (Dhuhr or Asr), and it is not a condition to intend Qada' (making up a missed prayer), Ada' (performing a prayer on time), or I'adah (repeating a prayer). It is forbidden to delay prayer beyond its legally prescribed time without a valid excuse.