Is jihad an individual obligation upon every man who is capable of it at this time and age?
Jihad has levels: some are obligatory upon every accountable individual, some are a collective obligation (fard kifayah), and some are recommended. The struggle against the self and against Satan are obligatory upon every accountable individual, whereas the struggle against hypocrites, disbelievers, oppressors, innovators, and evil deeds is a collective obligation.
Ibn al-Qayyim expounded on the levels of jihad in detail: 1. Jihad against the self: four levels (learning guidance, acting upon it, inviting others to it, enduring hardship for it). 2. Jihad against Satan: two levels (repelling doubts, repelling desires). 3. Jihad against disbelievers and hypocrites: four levels (by the heart, the tongue, wealth, the self). Jihad against disbelievers specifically includes the hand, and against hypocrites, the tongue. 4. Jihad against oppression, innovations, and evil deeds: three levels (by the hand, the tongue, the heart).
Jihad against disbelievers by hand becomes a personally incumbent obligation (wajib muta'ayyan) in four situations: when a Muslim is present at the fighting, when the enemy besieges the land, when the Imam mobilizes the subjects, and when a specific person is needed and no one else can take their place.
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