From where should one don the ihram for Umrah and Hajj if intending to travel from New Zealand via Egypt to Jeddah, then proceed to Madinah before Makkah to perform Umrah and then Hajj, especially given the difficulty of acquiring ihram garments except from Jeddah?

Scholars differ on the ruling concerning someone who passes by more than one miqat. The majority of scholars hold that one must enter ihram from the first miqat encountered, and whoever passes it without entering ihram must offer a dam (sacrificial animal). However, the Hanafis, Malikis, and others are of the opinion that it is permissible to delay entering ihram until the last miqat one passes by, and no dam is required.

Based on this, one can enter ihram for Umrah before the airplane passes any of the miqats, or delay entering ihram until Dhu al-Hulayfah in Madinah. As for Hajj, if it is ifrad (Hajj performed alone), one must enter ihram from the miqat itself. If it is tamattu' (performing Umrah then Hajj), after completing Umrah and exiting ihram, one enters ihram for Hajj from Makkah on the Day of Tarwiyah. Ihram is the intention to enter into the ritual, and the ihram garment is unstitched clothing.