What is the ruling on building a mosque beneath a residential building that contains bathrooms and bedrooms, and is inhabited by non-Muslims? Is it permissible to convert it into an orphanage? Is the reward for building orphanages greater than the reward for building mosques? And is it obligatory for mosques to adopt orphans?

It is permissible to reside above a mosque according to some scholars, such as the Hanafis. The existence of a minaret is not a condition for a mosque, and its absence does not affect the validity of the prayer, as the minaret was not present in the Prophet's mosque (peace be upon him) and was introduced for the benefit of hearing the call to prayer (adhan).

It is not a condition for the Friday preacher to hold a university degree, and his leadership of the prayer is valid if he delivers what is legally sufficient in the sermon.

Issuing fatwas (religious edicts) without knowledge is a serious matter, and whoever does so must be advised.

Praying in the farther mosque with a larger congregation is better, while prayer in the closer mosque is also valid.

The fundamental principle is that an endowed mosque cannot be converted from its status as a mosque, unless there is a need to convert it into an orphanage or the like, in which case it is permissible according to some scholars.

Sponsoring orphans is better than building mosques, based on the Prophet's saying (peace be upon him): "I and the sponsor of an orphan will be in Paradise like this," and he gestured with his index finger and middle finger, slightly separating them.

Sponsoring orphans is a highly encouraged act of worship and is considered a collective obligation (fard kifaya), not an individual obligation for those in charge of mosque affairs.