What is the literal opinion of Imam Al-Shafi'i, Abu Hanifa, and Malik concerning the circumstances under which lying is permissible?

Lying is forbidden and is not permitted except out of necessity or an urgent need, while adhering to the narrowest of limits. "Al-Ma'areedh" (euphemisms or double entendre) can be used to avert harm or achieve a benefit, by saying a word that bears two meanings, where the speaker intends one and the listener understands the other. It has been established that lying is permissible in three situations: war, reconciling people, and a man's conversation with his wife and a wife's conversation with her husband. Scholars have unanimously agreed on the permissibility of lying in these cases to achieve a benefit or avert harm.