Are the prayers, Friday prayers, and Ramadan atonements for the sins committed between them, if major sins are avoided, or are all sins—major and minor—recorded if major sins are not avoided, especially since missing some prayers is not considered a major sin?

Avoiding major sins atones for minor sins, as Allah Almighty says: (If you avoid the major sins which you are forbidden, We will remove from you your lesser evil deeds and admit you to a noble entrance). Minor sins are also atoned for by maintaining the five daily prayers, Friday prayer, and fasting Ramadan, provided major sins are avoided. Good deeds alone do not atone for minor sins if major sins are not avoided.

The correct view is that major sins are only expiated by repentance, as Allah Almighty says: (And whoever does not repent - then it is those who are the wrongdoers). Repentance is regret and the firm resolve not to return to the sin. The texts regarding the forgiveness of sins and expiation of evil deeds for the pious are conditioned on piety and sincere repentance. Whoever does not repent is a wrongdoer and not pious.

Missing a single prayer is one of the gravest major sins, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: (The covenant between us and them is prayer; whoever abandons it has disbelieved). The texts also indicate a severe warning for those who abandon prayer. Missing even one prayer is considered a grave major sin; indeed, the majority of jurists hold that whoever misses a single prayer until its time expires is considered a disbeliever.