Is it a condition for the traveler, for whom it is permissible to break the fast and shorten prayers in Ramadan, that his journey must have begun at night?

If a fasting person travels during the daytime in Ramadan, the general rule is that he should not break his fast. This is the well-known position in the Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanafi schools of thought. Whoever breaks his fast believing it to be permissible, he does not incur expiation (kaffarah) because he is acting based on an interpretation (muta'awwil). Rather, he is only required to make up the fast (qada'), as expiation is only obligatory for sexual intercourse.