Is it permissible to shave the beard, not raise the garment (izār), and abandon congregational prayer in the mosque due to harassment in Western countries? And what is the response to someone who believes that shaving the beard is to please the ruler (wali al-amr), that raising the garment is unnecessary, and that praying at home suffices for the mosque?

The most afflicted people are the prophets, then the righteous, and so on. Therefore, be patient and endure, unless the matter reaches a stage where it becomes unbearable, such as coercion through severe beating and imprisonment. In such a case, there is no blame upon you for shaving your beard, or letting your garment hang low (isbal), or abandoning prayer in the mosque, and so on. Try to rectify the situation as much as you can. If it is possible for you to move to a place where you can fulfill your religious obligations, then that becomes binding upon you. As for responding to those who say that shaving the beard is an obligatory obedience to the ruler, the answer is the Hadith: "There is no obedience in disobedience to Allah; obedience is only in what is right." Raising the garment and praying in the mosque are obligations, and it is not permissible to let the garment hang low or abandon prayer in the mosque except for an excuse.