What is the authenticity of the hadith: "Marry the affectionate, the fertile," and how can it be reconciled with Al-Shafi'i's interpretation of the Almighty's saying, "That is more suitable to prevent you from exceeding the limit [i.e., having many dependents]," that the meaning is: your dependents do not become numerous?
The verse (And if you fear that you will not deal justly with the orphan girls, then marry those that please you of [other] women, two or three or four. But if you fear that you will not be just, then [marry only] one or those your right hand possesses. That is more suitable that you may not incline to injustice) addresses the orphan girl under the guardianship of her guardian, who desires to marry her without giving her a dowry befitting her status, where God guides to marrying others instead. Commentators differed on the meaning of (ذَلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا - That is more suitable that you may not incline to injustice). The first opinion, which is the view of the majority of commentators, means "that you may not oppress or commit injustice," i.e., restricting oneself to one wife or to what one's right hand possesses is closer to avoiding injustice if there is fear of not being just among multiple wives. As for the second opinion, which is the view of Ash-Shafi'i and some scholars, it means "that your dependents may not increase," i.e., restricting oneself to one wife reduces the number of children, making it easier to care for and provide for the family. There is no contradiction between the verse and the hadiths that encourage increasing progeny, for the matter of increasing progeny is general. However, for one who fears inability to fulfill the rights of his family or their expenses, he may restrict himself to one wife or to what his right hand possesses, which is consistent with the Sharia's guidance to marry for those who are able and to remain chaste for those who are not.
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