Are extravagance in food, severing family ties, interpreting the Qur’an based on personal opinion, negligence in acts of worship such as prayer, fasting, and night vigil, and violating the sanctity of Ramadan, among the causes of distress, affliction, and thoughts of suicide?

Merely eating a lot is disliked (makrooh) and does not incur God's wrath. It is not forbidden unless it causes harm. If you break a vow saying, "I covenant with God," you are required to offer an expiation for breaking an oath (kaffarat yameen). It appears you are experiencing lethargy, so seek Allah's help and strive against your soul.