What is the ruling regarding urine drops that continue to descend for up to 20 minutes after urination, and to what extent does the Sharia provide ease concerning this matter, which causes extreme hardship?

Yes, there are people afflicted with temporary incontinence. The command to purify oneself from urine is conditional upon one's ability, as Allah Almighty says: ﴿So fear Allah as much as you are able.﴾

There are two cases for temporary incontinence: 1. Case of frequency and continuity: If the urine leakage is continuous within a short time, such as two or three minutes, then purification from these drops is possible and the Muslim must wait for them to cease. 2. Case of infrequency: If the duration is 20 minutes, then for a person with incontinence, waiting this long in the restroom is an unusual hardship, as Allah Almighty says: ﴿Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship.﴾

A person with temporary incontinence (e.g., 20 minutes) can pray with the commanded purification after the duration has passed, unlike a person with permanent incontinence who is permitted to purify himself and pray even if the urine leakage continues. Allah does not accept the prayer of one who has invalidated his ablution until he performs Wudu. Therefore, this person should not rush to perform Wudu. Instead, he should place a piece of cloth or a tissue over his penis to prevent the spread of impurity. Then, after 20 minutes, he removes the tissue, cleanses himself (istinja’), and performs Wudu. During this period, he is permitted to leave the restroom.