What is the definition of the sciences of Aqidah (creed), Tafsir (exegesis), Hadith (Prophetic tradition), and Fiqh (jurisprudence), what is their importance to the Holy Quran, and does the Quran become invalid without them?
Aqeedah is defined as the matters that the heart must believe in and be certain of with conviction. It is a science that investigates what must be believed concerning Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and divine decree (Qadar). As for Tafsir (exegesis), it is a science through which the Book of Allah Almighty is understood, its meanings are clarified, and its rulings and wisdom are extracted. The science of Hadith is divided into Dirayah (knowledge of the rules and regulations of Hadith) and Riwayah (narration of the Prophet's sayings, actions, and approvals). Fiqh (jurisprudence) linguistically means understanding, and technically, it is the knowledge of practical Sharia rulings derived from their detailed evidence. It includes beliefs, ethics, and transactions. These sciences are derived from the Holy Qur'an and are explanatory and clarifying of it, with Hadith being a second primary source of legislation. These sciences are essential for understanding the Holy Qur'an and clarifying its meanings. It is not permissible to disparage them because they are branches of it.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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