Is digital imaging today, with its two-dimensional (like drawing) and three-dimensional (like sculpting) aspects, considered an imitation of Allah's creation and thus forbidden, especially given the current absence of idol worship and its numerous uses in our contemporary lives, such as identifying criminals and documenting life stages?
Linguistically, "al-mudahahah" means the resemblance of one thing to another. In the context of the Hadith, it refers to creating a form in the image of what Allah has created from animate beings. Most scholars do not limit it to the creature's intention to imitate the Creator's act; rather, it occurs simply by the creature depicting something resembling Allah's creation that possesses a soul.
The fact that imaging can be a means to polytheism is a constant concern throughout time. Some people hang pictures of those they believe to be saints and righteous individuals, hoping to preserve the place and attract blessings. Similarly, placing statues for the deceased resembles what the people of the Pre-Islamic Era (Jahiliyyah) used to do. Moreover, pictures of leaders and famous personalities can lead to intellectual servitude and divine reverence for them.
Paper-based photography (photographic imagery) is a matter of disagreement among scholars. However, what is deemed permissible by us is its permissibility, and closer to permissibility and further from prohibition is visual and digital imaging.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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