What is the difference between "I recited the Quran to..." and "I presented (it) to..." in the statement of Imam Asim: "I recited (the Quran) to Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami, and I presented (it) to Zirr ibn Hubaysh"? And which of them is stronger?

The author found it stated in Imam Asim's words: "I recited to Zirr ibn Hubaysh, and I recited to Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami," with no mention of the phrase: "I presented."

In al-Mustaghfiri's book, Fada'il al-Qur'an, it is stated that Asim ibn Abi al-Najud said: "I recited to Zirr ibn Hubaysh, and Zirr recited to Abdullah ibn Mas'ud... And I recited to Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami, and Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami recited to Ali ibn Abi Talib - may Allah be pleased with him -, and Ali recited to the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him."

The author mentioned that recitation (qira'ah) and presentation (ard) are considered synonymous by some scholars. Others said that qira'ah is more general than ard; ard does not occur without qira'ah. According to this view, qira'ah is stronger than ard.

The author quoted al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bari who said: "Qira'ah is more general than ard and other forms, and ard does not occur except through qira'ah; because ard is an expression of what the student presents to his shaykh from the original text, either with him or with another in his presence; thus, it is more specific than qira'ah."

Al-Ayni mentioned in Umdat al-Qari that what is understood from al-Kirmani's words is that there is equality between qira'ah and ard. Ibn Kathir said in Ikhtisar Ulum al-Hadith: "Recitation to the shaykh by heart or from a book is 'al-ard' according to the majority."