What is the ruling on someone who has urinary incontinence ( سلس بول ) regarding their ablution ( wudu' ), and is it permissible for them to pray in clothes that have been affected by urine if it is difficult to change them? And is it permissible for them to combine prayers during travel or adverse weather conditions? And what is required of them if they sometimes perform ablution before the prayer time begins?

The individual with incontinence must perform ablution (wudu') for each prayer after its time has begun, change any clothes affected by impurity (najāsah) or purify them if possible, and wash the affected area, tying a cloth to prevent the discharge and its spread. The discharge of incontinence after ablution does not invalidate it. It is permissible for such an individual to combine two prayers due to their excuse. Impurity that afflicts clothing after precautions have been taken is excused due to the difficulty of avoiding it. If one is negligent in taking precautions and their garment becomes impure, and they have no other garment, they should pray and then make up the prayer after purifying the garment. If one performs ablution before the prayer time begins and something is discharged, their prayer is invalid and must be made up. If one performs ablution before the time and nothing is discharged, some scholars are of the opinion that a new ablution is not required.