What are the rulings regarding purification (tahara) and prayer (salat) for the aforementioned condition of prostate congestion and its resulting discharge of prostatic fluid (madhi) and drops of urine? Is it permissible to tie a cloth to prevent soiling clothes?

The answer summarizes the rulings regarding purity and prayer for those afflicted with urinary incontinence ( سلس البول) or madhy (pre-seminal fluid), or those who experience intermittent discharge:

- If the urine flow stops for a sufficient time to perform purification and prayer, the person is not considered to be afflicted with urinary incontinence.

- If madhy exits uncontrollably, the person is afflicted with madhy incontinence.

- A person not afflicted with incontinence must perform complete purification, and it is obligatory to wash whatever urine has soiled the clothes. For madhy, sprinkling water (nadh) is sufficient according to Ahmad.

- The method of istinja' (cleansing oneself after relieving nature) is to wash the area until the impurity is removed. It is commendable to wash the penis and testicles from madhy.

- A person afflicted with incontinence performs ablution (wudu') after the time for each prayer has begun, whereas a person not afflicted with incontinence may perform ablution before the time for prayer. The ablution of the latter is invalidated by the exit of madhy.

- It is not permissible for a person afflicted with incontinence to combine two obligatory prayers with one ablution if something has exited from them, based on the saying of the Prophet, peace be upon him: "Then perform ablution for every prayer."

- Protecting oneself by placing a tissue or similar item is not prohibited during Hajj.

- Ablution is not obligatory during Hajj except when intending to perform circumambulation (tawaf).