Is it sufficient for a woman with urinary incontinence who uses a barrier to perform purification (taharah), istinja (washing after relieving oneself), and wudu (ablution) when the time for prayer begins? And is ghusl (ritual bathing) obligatory for her if she is uncertain whether it is semen or madhiy (pre-seminal fluid)?

Some scholars are of the opinion that it is obligatory for a person afflicted with urinary incontinence to tie the exit of the impurity with a cloth, and that if anything exits due to his negligence, his ablution becomes invalid. However, if it exits due to the prevalence of blood, it does not invalidate the ablution. Meanwhile, the Malikis are of the opinion that it is recommended to guard oneself with a cloth. The more cautious approach is to guard against anything exiting. As for the doubt between madhi (pre-seminal fluid) and mani (seminal fluid), you have the choice to consider it either of them.