Does verse 25 of Surat Al-Ma'idah, "He said: 'Then indeed, it is forbidden to them for forty years; they will wander through the earth.' So do not grieve over the disobedient people," mean that the current prominence of the Jews is due to its applicability?

Allah commanded the Children of Israel to enter the Holy Land, but they refused out of fear of fighting the giants. So, Allah punished them with forty years of wandering in the land. This wandering was a punishment for their disobedience and neglect of Allah's command. The verse has no relation to the current state of the Jews, for they are arrogant tyrants with whom Allah has afflicted us. The Islamic Ummah must take heed of what befell the Children of Israel, because Allah favored them then punished them when they neglected His religion. Therefore, the Islamic Ummah must not follow the path of those who incurred wrath, lest they be punished. This story included a reprimand for the Jews and a revelation of their scandals and their transgression of Allah's and His Messenger's commands, and that they were cowards who recoiled from jihad. The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them, responded to the Prophet, peace be upon him, at Badr differently than the Children of Israel responded to Moses, affirming that they would not say to him, "Go, you and your Lord, and fight; indeed, we are sitting here," but rather they would follow him wherever he went.