Is it permissible for a man to beat his wife for not obeying him in bed, especially when there are reasons that might prevent her, such as pregnancy or illness, and taking into account the Prophetic narrations that urge kindness towards women?

A wife must obey her husband if he calls her to bed, unless there is a valid excuse. If she refuses without a valid excuse, she is considered disobedient (nashiz). In such a case, he is permitted to strike her a non-injurious blow, but only after admonishing her and abandoning her in bed, as stated in the Almighty's words: "But those [wives] from whom you fear defiance, admonish them, and abandon them in their beds, and strike them." (An-Nisa: 34), and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "then strike them a non-injurious blow." Severe beating that causes harm or leads to aversion is disliked. It is preferable to avoid it.