What are the signs of need (ḥājah) and the meaning of "the outward state of the worker indicates need," and is a low salary sufficient to determine that they are needy, and how can one distinguish between someone who is indigent (miskin) and someone who is not, especially since a previous fatwa stated that most sanitation workers are indigent due to their low salaries?

Zakat should only be given with certainty or a strong presumption that the recipient is deserving. A strong presumption is sufficient, as certainty may be difficult to attain. Al-Buhuti said: "It is not permissible to give zakat except to one whom one knows to be among its eligible recipients, or whom one strongly presumes to be among them." If it later becomes apparent that the recipient was wealthy after the payment, but there was a strong presumption of their eligibility, this is considered sufficient by many jurists. If a strong presumption does not exist, one can ask the recipient, and their word should be accepted unless there is evidence to contradict their claim.