Is it permissible for the wife to pay the cooperative's dues, which include employees' wages, without her husband's knowledge, due to his refusal to pay despite their benefiting from the services?

Your husband's refusal to pay the workers' wages is impermissible. Your voluntary payment of these wages absolves him of his responsibility, and his permission is not required for you to do so. However, it is advisable to inform him so that he does not pay them again and so that he knows his obligation has been fulfilled. You are to be commended for this action and for your obedience to your husband. You should also advise your husband to fulfill people's rights, for whoever takes a laborer's service and does not give him his wage will be an adversary to Allah on the Day of Resurrection. Indeed, the Shari'ah has commanded that a laborer be given his wage before his sweat dries, and it considers the rich person's delay in payment to be a forbidden injustice.