Is the male gender better than the female gender, and why must a man obey his mother despite your belief in her deficiency, and what is the preference attributed to the male gender over the female gender, and is the preference of men over women a gender-based preference without justification?

Please refer to the previous fatwas, as these questions have been answered before, especially Fatwa No. 109513, which relates to equality between men and women. The Sharia has not added to what is stated in the Holy Quran regarding the preference of men in some matters, such as Allah’s saying: ﴿And for men is a degree over them﴾, and ﴿And the male is not like the female﴾, and ﴿Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has made some of them to excel others﴾.

The guardianship (Qawamah) of men is not an absolute preference but rather a responsibility and a trust that entails rights and duties, and it means good governance and management of family affairs.

The wisdom behind distinguishing between men and women in some rulings is evident, as each has their role and responsibilities that suit their creation and capabilities. Women perform roles that men cannot, such as pregnancy, breastfeeding, and raising children, while men are responsible for financial support and protection.

A man's obedience to his mother stems from the immense right she has over him, as Allah has commanded kindness to her.

Khul' (divestiture) does not occur except with the husband's consent or a judge's ruling, unlike divorce.

We hope for an improvement in the manner of questioning.