Missed and Made Up Prayers

Is it permissible to combine the intention of greeting the mosque, the Sunnah of ablution, the Sunnah between the two calls to prayer, and the missed post-prayer Sunnah in two rak'ahs?
Is Fajr Prayer to be prayed silently after sunrise when its time has expired?
What is the ruling on following the Imam in the prostration of forgetfulness (Sujud al-Sahw), and what is the ruling on the prostration of forgetfulness for the congregant (Ma'mum)?
What is the jurisprudential interpretation of the apparent contradiction between the Hanbali school's ruling that whoever abandons prayer is an apostate and the simultaneous obligation upon him to make up missed prayers, given that an apostate is not required to repeat prayers after embracing Islam? And with which missed prayers should I begin: the prayers missed since puberty (3.5 years) or the prayers I have recently neglected, bearing in mind that I follow the Hanbali school?
Is it obligatory to fast for an entire month or offer expiation, and make up the prayers, for one who did not fast the first Ramadan and did not pray in that year due to ignorance of the obligation of fasting and prayer, bearing in mind that he does not remember the number of days he did not fast, and that he fell ill in the last days of Ramadan?
Is it incumbent upon the latecomer (masbuq) to perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) after completing his prayer if his imam performed it after the taslim or before it, and is it possible to perform the prostration of forgetfulness twice?
Must I make up 1300 missed prayers due to unknowingly omitting a limb during Ghusl, knowing that I am about to start my General Secondary Education year, which requires a great deal of effort?
Must prayers that were performed in a garment believed to be opaque, but later turned out to be translucent, be made up? And is ignorance of covering the awrah considered an excuse?
If I miss the last rak'ah, is it better to complete the prayer individually with the Imam, or to consider it a supererogatory prayer and pray with another congregation?
What is the ruling on and method for making up missed prayers, according to the order and sequence, especially when combining making up prayers missed due to an excuse (awaiting purity after menstruation) and prayers missed without an excuse, taking into consideration making up two days' worth of prayers each day?
Is the supplication, "O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You well," to be recited after a supererogatory prayer, and is it permissible to say it after the tasleem in an obligatory prayer if one missed saying it after the tashahhud?
Will a schizophrenic patient be held accountable for sometimes abandoning prayer due to a lack of desire, and is the pen lifted from him Islamically?
What is the correct action for worshipers who thought the imam’s takbir was the takbirat al-ihram, then realized it was a takbir of transition (sami‘a Allahu liman hamidah)? And is it necessary to repeat the prayer for someone who performed an additional rak‘ah, thinking they had missed one?
What is the advice for someone who teaches others the importance of prayer and commands her maidservant to pray, while she herself is negligent of it and only prays in front of people?
What is the ruling on the prayer of someone who forgot the opening Takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram): should he complete his prayer and then repeat it, or should he stop it and repeat it immediately?
Are the ideas indicating the necessity of making up all past missed prayers—whose number is unknown—correct for current prayers to be valid, and should we stop making up currently known missed prayers until all unknown old missed prayers are made up, or is it better to promptly make up any prayer missed currently due to an excuse?
Is it obligatory to repeat the Dhuhr and Asr prayers after having combined them by way of taqdim (advancement) during the time of Asr by mistake?
Is it permissible to abandon the Witr prayer? And what are the consequences of abandoning it?
Why do we pray Dhuhr and Asr silently, despite the Quranic command: "And do not recite [too] loudly in your prayer or [too] quietly but seek between that an [intermediate] way"?
Is an expiatory offering (kaffarah) for an oath sufficient for not fulfilling a vow to perform the Shafa and Witr prayers, and what is required if the performance was omitted based on the belief that the expiatory offering was sufficient?

Missed and Made Up Prayers

Is it permissible to combine the intention of greeting the mosque, the Sunnah of ablution, the Sunnah between the two calls to prayer, and the missed post-prayer Sunnah in two rak'ahs?

Is Fajr Prayer to be prayed silently after sunrise when its time has expired?

What is the ruling on following the Imam in the prostration of forgetfulness (Sujud al-Sahw), and what is the ruling on the prostration of forgetfulness for the congregant (Ma'mum)?

Is it incumbent upon the latecomer (masbuq) to perform the prostration of forgetfulness (sujud al-sahw) after completing his prayer if his imam performed it after the taslim or before it, and is it possible to perform the prostration of forgetfulness twice?

Must I make up 1300 missed prayers due to unknowingly omitting a limb during Ghusl, knowing that I am about to start my General Secondary Education year, which requires a great deal of effort?

Must prayers that were performed in a garment believed to be opaque, but later turned out to be translucent, be made up? And is ignorance of covering the awrah considered an excuse?

If I miss the last rak'ah, is it better to complete the prayer individually with the Imam, or to consider it a supererogatory prayer and pray with another congregation?

Is the supplication, "O Allah, help me to remember You, thank You, and worship You well," to be recited after a supererogatory prayer, and is it permissible to say it after the tasleem in an obligatory prayer if one missed saying it after the tashahhud?

Will a schizophrenic patient be held accountable for sometimes abandoning prayer due to a lack of desire, and is the pen lifted from him Islamically?

What is the correct action for worshipers who thought the imam’s takbir was the takbirat al-ihram, then realized it was a takbir of transition (sami‘a Allahu liman hamidah)? And is it necessary to repeat the prayer for someone who performed an additional rak‘ah, thinking they had missed one?

What is the advice for someone who teaches others the importance of prayer and commands her maidservant to pray, while she herself is negligent of it and only prays in front of people?

What is the ruling on the prayer of someone who forgot the opening Takbir (Takbirat al-Ihram): should he complete his prayer and then repeat it, or should he stop it and repeat it immediately?

Is it obligatory to repeat the Dhuhr and Asr prayers after having combined them by way of taqdim (advancement) during the time of Asr by mistake?

Is it permissible to abandon the Witr prayer? And what are the consequences of abandoning it?

Why do we pray Dhuhr and Asr silently, despite the Quranic command: "And do not recite [too] loudly in your prayer or [too] quietly but seek between that an [intermediate] way"?

Is an expiatory offering (kaffarah) for an oath sufficient for not fulfilling a vow to perform the Shafa and Witr prayers, and what is required if the performance was omitted based on the belief that the expiatory offering was sufficient?