How can one perform the five daily prayers and handle missed prayers and the Sunnah of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, under work conditions that prevent performing Dhuhr and Asr at their appointed times and make Friday prayer difficult?

You must leave your job at the bank and seek other employment. If you are compelled to continue working there until you find another job, you must perform your prayers on time, using a pure prayer rug if the place is impure. As for missed prayers, they must be made up, accompanied by repentance, remorse, and seeking forgiveness.